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Table of Contents
The Scottish Wildcat is a unique and very rare type of wildcat. Their greatest threat is the domestic cat which has interbred and caused the species to loose its unique qualities. With the help of population control measures to prevent feral cats and hybrids from preproducing, some true Scottish Wildcats were brought in for a breeding program that may help rescue the species.
"Camera-trapping surveys carried out in the Scottish Highlands between 2010 and 2013 revealed that wildcats live foremost in mixed woodland, whereas feral and domestic cats (Felis catus) were photographed mostly in grasslands." - Wikipedia: Scottish Wildcat
This may indicate that restoring more woodland could drastically help in rewilding and reintroductions of Scottish wildcats. Giving the wildcats more of their preferred habitat may help reduce the likelihood of more interbreeding between them and domestic or feral cat populations.
Rabbits are the wildcats' favorite food.
"Since all individuals sampled in recent years showed high levels of hybridisation with domestic and feral cats, this population is thought to be functionally extinct in the wild." - Wikipedia: Scottish Wildcat
"There are only approximately 115 Scottish wildcats remaining in the wild making this the world’s most endangered feline." - Wildcat Haven
"Hybridisation with outdoor-roaming domestic cats is regarded as a threat to the wildcat population.[8] It is likely that all Scottish wildcats today have at least some domestic cat ancestry.[26] Unvaccinated and infected domestic cats may also transmit lethal diseases to the Scottish wildcat, such as feline calicivirus, feline coronavirus, feline foamy virus, feline herpesvirus, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus.[27]" - Wikipedia: Scottish Wildcat
In Scotland, the primary driver of deforestation is livestock
"Scottish wildcats have also often been killed to protect game bird species, and were once widely considered vermin.[28]" - Wikipedia: Scottish Wildcat
Scroll down to the Projects & Programs section to learn about who is engaged in the breeding program.
Scottish Wildcat Conservation Action Plan
3:09 minute video "The Saving Wildcats project aims to restore the wildcat through captive breeding and release. This conservation project is a collaboration between a number of partners and other vital contributors who all share this vision. But on a day to day basis, we are a small team, based at the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland's Highland Wildlife Park, and we wanted introduce ourselves."
"Wildcats were released into the landscape using an approach known as ‘soft-release’, which includes an acclimatisation period in the animal’s intended release habitat. This involved conservationists moving wildcats from the conservation breeding for release centre based at RZSS’s Highland Wildlife Park into enclosures within Cairngorms Connect temporarily before their eventual release.
Studies show soft-release measures can help acclimatise individuals, reduce stress and aid in reducing post-release mortality. The decision to use a soft-release approach was made following extensive discussions with specialists from across the globe with significant experience in other conservation breeding for release projects." - RZSS: Critically Endangered Wildcats Now Call Cairngorms National Park Home
"A fundamental part of the Saving Wildcats project is engagement with landowners, land managers, ground staff and local communities in areas the released wildcats are inhabiting. The Saving Wildcats team is working closely with landowners who now have wildcats on their land, and the movement of these elusive animals." - RZSS: Critically Endangered Wildcats Now Call Cairngorms National Park Home
Have you seen a wildcat? "If you think that you have seen a potential wildcat or wildcat hybrid, follow our quick guide below to help save the Highland tiger."
Forest Operations and Wildcats in Scotland "This guidance note describes reasonable measures that forest and woodland managers should follow to avoid or minimise the risk of committing offences against the wildcat, a European protected species.
It is an offence deliberately or recklessly to capture, injure or kill a wildcat; to disturb it while it is occupying its breeding sites/resting places; or to obstruct access to its breeding sites/resting places. It is an offence to damage or destroy breeding sites/resting places even accidentally.
Wildcats are widely but unevenly distributed throughout the north and central Scottish mainland, north of the Highland Boundary Fault (which runs from Arran to Stonehaven). Within this area, and particularly where there have been local records of the species, wildcat should be an operational consideration."
"A captive breeding programme for the Scottish wildcat has been established in the frame of the Scottish Wildcat Conservation Action Plan, with wild-caught individuals that pass genetic and morphological tests to be considered wildcats with less than 5% hybridization.[30] Participating institutions include the Alladale Wilderness Reserve, Chester Zoo, British Wildlife Centre, Port Lympne Wild Animal Park, Highland Wildlife Park, New Forest Wildlife Park and Aigas Field Centre.[22]" - Wikipedia: Scottish Wildcat
British Wildlife Centre "We are participating with the national captive breeding studbook which aims to preserve and enhance the purity of wild cats in captivity for any future release programmes."
New Forest Wildlife Park "In 2024 we have had two brand new purpose built enclosures, which had been designed and constructed by our maintenance team and managing director Ed Heap.
We currently have two four year old male wildcats named Beinne and Halum. The boys joined us in late December 2023 and moved into their brand new custom built enclosure in early 2024.
We also have three brothers, Big Peat, Baxter and Blair, who joined us in early 2024 from the British Wildlife Centre."
Alladale Wilderness Reserve "In partnership with the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS), wildcat enclosures have been built on the reserve as part of a captive breeding program. Kittens from the project are transferred to RZSS’s breed and release centre at Kincraig, where the population is being bolstered, ready for releasing into the wild."
Aigas Field Centre "we are committed to conserving wildcats in Scotland. From our inception in 1976 we have been spreading awareness of the threats facing these creatures whilst championing their protection in the wild."
Saving Wildcats: Conservation & Breeding Programme "Kittens born into the breeding programme are all potential candidates to join us at the Saving Wildcats conservation breeding for release centre where they will contribute directly to wildcat restoration in Scotland."
Scotland
Cairngorms "project launched a pilot project ... to trial conservation action in an area in the Cairngorms where cats with the distinctive wildcat markings have been sighted."
Forestry & Land Scotland "There are three main ways in which we are working to help wildcats: positive forest management, supporting research on the existing population, and helping our partners to reinforce the population."
"A significant proportion of the remaining wildcats located during recent Scottish Wildcat Action survey work have been found within forestry plantations we manage. This is probably because our plantations are persecution-free havens for wildcats. Furthermore, forest management to produce timber creates a mosaic of habitats that provide wildcats with their basic needs of food and quiet areas for resting and rearing kittens. For example, clear felled and replanted areas are usually grassy and support high densities of voles and mice, which means they are ideal hunting areas for wildcats. Only a small part of any plantation is harvested in any single year, so wildcats will always be able to find large undisturbed areas in plantations for resting and breeding.
However, as wildcats are a European Protected Species, we carry out detailed site surveys prior to any forestry work due to the small chance they will be disturbed. We will often postpone harvesting work to avoid potential disturbance of wildcats and other species who call the forest home. We strictly adhere to the following guidance to minimise any risk to resident wildcats:"
Saving Wildcats Click here to see who is in the Scottish Wildcat Action Partnership
Wildcat Haven "Our aim is to save the purity of the Scottish Wildcat by removing the threat of hybridization in a humane way."
The following might not focus specifically on wildcats, but may do work that overlaps by providing and protecting critical habitat for this species, and the species they rely on for food.